{"id":1080,"date":"2023-03-09T09:02:46","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T08:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/?page_id=1080"},"modified":"2023-03-09T10:58:04","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T09:58:04","slug":"methodologies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/index.php\/methodologies\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9thodologies"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1080\" class=\"elementor elementor-1080\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a3a1945 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a3a1945\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f87fcd\" data-id=\"0f87fcd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5ec519 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d5ec519\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Methodologies de la recherche scientifique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e4a9fef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e4a9fef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ae6e5b\" data-id=\"7ae6e5b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b53ee5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4b53ee5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/B4W-GDR-Banderole-Comprendre.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a82e1ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a82e1ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-139b885\" data-id=\"139b885\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7d10ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7d10ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La m\u00e9thodologie, ou m\u00e9thode, est la mani\u00e8re dont le chercheur proc\u00e8dera pour r\u00e9aliser ses exp\u00e9riences. Elle d\u00e9coule directement de <a href=\"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/index.php\/questions-et-hypotheses-de-recherche\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se<\/a> que souhaite v\u00e9rifier le chercheur.<\/p>\n<p>On peut distinguer plusieurs types m\u00e9thodologiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La <strong>m\u00e9ta-analyse<\/strong> :&nbsp;\u00e9tudier et comparer les r\u00e9sultats de recherches pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">La m\u00e9ta-analyse permet, par exemple, de compiler les r\u00e9sultats de toutes les \u00e9tudes s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es au travers de crit\u00e8res fix\u00e9s au pr\u00e9alable. La m\u00e9ta-analyse inclue des patients de diff\u00e9rents pays, \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes p\u00e9riodes en fonctions des \u00e9tudes s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9es, soit un grand \u00e9chantillon. Il s\u2019agit donc d\u2019une m\u00e9thodologie d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat dans les maladies rares o\u00f9 les populations concern\u00e9es sont de petite ampleur.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La <strong>m\u00e9thode exp\u00e9rimentale<\/strong> : il s\u2019agit de&nbsp;tester l&rsquo;effet d&rsquo;une variable (ou de plusieurs) sur la variable \u00e0 expliquer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>In vivo<\/em> : qui s&rsquo;effectue \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur d&rsquo;un organisme vivant<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\">Ces tests n\u00e9cessitent de faire appel \u00e0 des mod\u00e8les biologiques (souris, rat, lapin&#8230;) qui reproduisent, le plus fid\u00e8lement possible, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne \u00e9tudi\u00e9 (on parle alors de &lsquo;gold-standard&rsquo;)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>In vitro<\/em> : qui s&rsquo;effectue en dehors de tout organisme vivant (culture cellulaire, organo\u00efdes&#8230;)<\/li>\n<li><em>In silico<\/em> : qui s&rsquo;appuie&nbsp;sur des simulations num\u00e9riques utilisant des mod\u00e9lisations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;<strong>enqu\u00eate<\/strong> :&nbsp;il s\u2019agit de recueillir des donn\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un \u00e9chantillon d&rsquo;individus ou de situations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Qualitative :&nbsp;apporte des \u00e9l\u00e9ments plus directs et plus approfondis sur une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 plus restreinte<\/li>\n<li>Quantitative :&nbsp;apporte une information chiffr\u00e9e \u00e9tendue et g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisable<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00e9tude de cas<\/strong> (ou monographie) :&nbsp;analyse approfondie d&rsquo;un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne complexe, dans un lieu et un espace donn\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>La <strong>m\u00e9thode ethnographique<\/strong> :&nbsp;observation globale et dans la dur\u00e9e d&rsquo;un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne ou d&rsquo;une population par un contact direct du chercheur avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>La <strong>recherche-action<\/strong> : l&rsquo;action apporte des connaissances que l&rsquo;on n&rsquo;aurait pas obtenues par la seule \u00e9tude \u00ab\u00a0ext\u00e9rieure\u00a0\u00bb sans intervention<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f114759 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f114759\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea17fc6\" data-id=\"ea17fc6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffede38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ffede38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/B4W-GDR-Banderole-Simpliquer.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-705e9fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"705e9fa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a68bb2b\" data-id=\"a68bb2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e17b15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e17b15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La recherche participative<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8477c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8477c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Elle consiste en une participation citoyenne (associations de patients, ONG&#8230;) \u00e0 la recherche, en association avec des chercheurs acad\u00e9miques, pour construire et mener ensemble un projet de recherche. L\u2019objectif est de produire des connaissances avec un int\u00e9r\u00eat scientifique dont on est assur\u00e9 qu\u2019il r\u00e9pondra aux besoins du partenaire citoyen.<\/p><p>Elle n\u00e9cessite un dialogue concert\u00e9 en amont et une d\u00e9finition claire des r\u00f4les de chacun, \u00e0 chaque \u00e9tape du projet (construction, r\u00e9alisation, propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et utilisation des donn\u00e9es, valorisation&#8230;).<\/p><p>Ainsi l&rsquo;AAP SHS de la Fondation Maladies Rares FMR finance des projets co-construits entre une association de patients, un chercheur SHS et un clinicien.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Pour aller plus loin\u00a0:<\/em><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Charte des sciences participatives en France\u00a0: <a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"https:\/\/urlz.fr\/iaEF\">https:\/\/urlz.fr\/iaEF<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em><a style=\"color: #999999;\" href=\"https:\/\/pro.inserm.fr\/rubrique\/recherche-responsable\/recherche-participative\/vers-de-bonnes-pratiques-de-recherche-participative\">https:\/\/pro.inserm.fr\/rubrique\/recherche-responsable\/recherche-participative\/vers-de-bonnes-pratiques-de-recherche-participative<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6d72a8c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6d72a8c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b9afd0\" data-id=\"7b9afd0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e56e93e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e56e93e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">relecture des protocoles de recherche<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b80f72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b80f72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les protocoles de recherche b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient grandement de la relecture par les associations de patients concern\u00e9s. Ainsi, plusieurs comit\u00e9s de relecteurs existent, par exemple \u00e0 l&rsquo;Inserm (<a href=\"https:\/\/urlz.fr\/iaEZ\">https:\/\/urlz.fr\/iaEZ<\/a>) ou encore \u00e0 l&rsquo;INCa (<a href=\"https:\/\/urlz.fr\/iaF1\">https:\/\/urlz.fr\/iaF1<\/a>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-edd95a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"edd95a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a7e2c5\" data-id=\"8a7e2c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e750b66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e750b66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/B4W-GDR-Banderole-Temoigner.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ef4b7bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ef4b7bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c7a92cc\" data-id=\"c7a92cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f998bda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f998bda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>T\u00e9moignages \u00e0 venir.<\/em><\/p><p><em>Si vous souhaitez t\u00e9moigner, n&rsquo;h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 nous contacter.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d414c30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d414c30\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de6bf7c\" data-id=\"de6bf7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a216f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6a216f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Methodologies de la recherche scientifique La m\u00e9thodologie, ou m\u00e9thode, est la mani\u00e8re dont le chercheur proc\u00e8dera pour r\u00e9aliser ses exp\u00e9riences. Elle d\u00e9coule directement de l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se que souhaite v\u00e9rifier le chercheur. On peut distinguer plusieurs types m\u00e9thodologiques : La m\u00e9ta-analyse :&nbsp;\u00e9tudier et comparer les r\u00e9sultats de recherches pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes La m\u00e9ta-analyse permet, par exemple, de compiler les [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1080","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1080"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1123,"href":"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1080\/revisions\/1123"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guide-recherche-asso.info\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}